Number of Subarrays with Bounded Maximum
Problem Description
We are given an array A
of positive integers, and two positive integers L
and R
(L <= R
).
Return the number of (contiguous, non-empty) subarrays such that the value of the maximum array element in that subarray is at least L
and at most R
.
Example :
Input:
A = [2, 1, 4, 3]
L = 2
R = 3
Output: 3
Explanation: There are three subarrays that meet the requirements: [2], [2, 1], [3].
Note:
- L, R and
A[i]
will be an integer in the range[0, 10^9]
. - The length of
A
will be in the range of[1, 50000]
.
Given a list of query words, return the number of words that are stretchy.
Example:
Input:
S = "heeellooo"
words = ["hello", "hi", "helo"]
Output: 1
Explanation:
We can extend "e" and "o" in the word "hello" to get "heeellooo".
We can't extend "helo" to get "heeellooo" because the group "ll" is not extended.
Notes:
0 <= len(S) <= 100
.0 <= len(words) <= 100
.0 <= len(words[i]) <= 100
.S
and all words inwords
consist only of lowercase letters
Algorithom
-
解题思路:
这道题给了我们一个数组,又给了我们两个数字L和R,表示一个区间范围,让我们求有多少个这样的子数组,使得其最大值在[L, R]区间的范围内。
既然是求子数组的问题,那么最直接,最暴力的方法就是遍历所有的子数组,然后维护一个当前的最大值,只要这个最大值在[L, R]区间的范围内,结果res自增1即可。但是这种最原始,最粗犷的暴力搜索法,OJ不答应。但是其实我们略作优化,就可以通过了。
优化的方法是,首先,如果当前数字大于R了,那么其实后面就不用再遍历了,不管当前这个数字是不是最大值,它都已经大于R了,那么最大值可能会更大,所以没有必要再继续遍历下去了。同样的剪枝也要加在内层循环中加,当curMax大于R时,直接break掉内层循环即可,参见代码如下:
-
Code Implement:
class Solution { public: int numSubarrayBoundedMax(vector<int>& A, int L, int R) { int res = 0, n = A.size(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if (A[i] > R) continue; int curMax = INT_MIN; for (int j = i; j < n; ++j) { curMax = max(curMax, A[j]); if (curMax > R) break; if (curMax >= L) ++res; } } return res; } };
-
Optimization:
虽然上面的方法做了剪枝后能通过OJ,但是我们能不能在线性的时间复杂度内完成呢。答案是肯定的,优化方法是用一个子函数来算出最大值在[-∞, x]范围内的子数组的个数,而这种区间只需要一个循环就够了,为啥呢?
我们来看数组[2, 1, 4, 3]的最大值在[-∞, 4]范围内的子数组的个数。当遍历到2时,只有一个子数组[2],遍历到1时,有三个子数组,[2], [1], [2,1]。当遍历到4时,有六个子数组,[2], [1], [4], [2,1], [1,4], [2,1,4]。当遍历到3时,有十个子数组。其实如果长度为n的数组的最大值在范围[-∞, x]内的话,其所有子数组都是符合题意的,而长度为n的数组共有n(n+1)/2个子数组,刚好是等差数列的求和公式。
所以我们在遍历数组的时候,如果当前数组小于等于x,则cur自增1,然后将cur加到结果res中;如果大于x,则cur重置为0。这样我们可以正确求出最大值在[-∞, x]范围内的子数组的个数。而要求最大值在[L, R]范围内的子数组的个数,只需要用最大值在[-∞, R]范围内的子数组的个数,减去最大值在[-∞, L-1]范围内的子数组的个数即可,参见代码如下:
class Solution { public: int numSubarrayBoundedMax(vector<int>& A, int L, int R) { return count(A, R) - count(A, L - 1); } int count(vector<int>& A, int bound) { int res = 0, cur = 0; for (int x : A) { cur = (x <= bound) ? cur + 1 : 0; res += cur; } return res; } };